Korean Pottery Essays - Visual Arts, Pottery, Korean Pottery, Matter

Korean Pottery From 10,000 to 6,000 years ago, the mankind started to make earthenware and use them. In Korea, they have used earthenware from 7~8,000years ago-the New Stone Age. As time went by, glazes were sometimes employed. The firing temperature varied between 500 and 1,100 degrees. Earthenware was used in Korea until the early Koryo dynasty (10-11th centuries). Earthenware and bronze developed in parallel through the prehistoric age, and then the periods known in Korea as Silla and Kaya (from 57 BC until the 10th century), and Koryo (10-14th centuries). The earthenware pottery of Silla and Kaya is particularly noted for its formal qualities. The earthenware was used for utilitarian vessels, which were sometimes modelled into the shape of people, houses, and animals. Among the various pieces surviving from this period, we can find vessels expressing vividly the characteristic spirit of the Korean people, a spirit that has remained alive through the centuries until the present day. The facial e xpressions are comically exaggerated, we find amusing caricatures, as well as bold sexual features suggesting use in fertility rites, a variety of concise artistic details indicating a rich imagination. Through such works the image of our ancestors of centuries past has been transmitted to us today. In 9th century Silla(Korea's earliestdynasty), they have had great opportunity to trade with China and accepted manufacturing technology of Celadon. In China, jade signifies the true gentleman, wealth and honor. Therefore jade was popular for use in objects enclosed in tombs. The ruling classes were eager to possess jade, but it was too little for their needs, and very expensive. Therefore artisans tried to create jade from clay, and the result was the pottery known in the West as Celadon. In Korea, Chinese celadon pottery has been found in tombs dating from the 4-6th centuries, suggesting that the royal family of the period imported celadon from China as a substitute for jade. In 9th century China, the practice of Zen Buddhism spread among the powerful families, who considered that drinking tea helped clear the mind while sitting in meditation. Celadon was used to make the tea cups, and this seems to be the first time that it was employed for vessels in ordinary use. The cup used for drinking tea was highly valued, some were worth more than gold. Zen Buddhism entered Korea toward the end of the Unified Silla Dynasty, in the 8th century. Monks returning from China brought Chinese tea-cups to Korea. When the Koryo Dynasty came, Koreans began to manufacture their own celadon vessels, beginning in the later 10th century. Research was undertaken in order to make even better celadon, using the best clays. Originally, celadon was dark in color, varying between brown and dark green, the works were plain, restrained, unadorned. In the early 12th century, decorated celadon wares began to appear. At that time, the Buddhist visions of Paradise were immensely popular and the pottery of later Koryo times expressed the people's longing for a symbolic world of Eternity, through such symbols as clouds and cranes, or the lotus flower so central to the world of Zen Buddhism, as well as willows, and ducks playing in water. In a similar spirit, wild chrysanthemums express calmness and solitude. When these symbols took form on the surface of delicate green jars and bowls, the result was some of the most beautiful pottery in the world. The disappeared from the end of Koryo dynasty. In the course of from celadon to white ware, there was the stoneware pottery known as PunChong.? Painting makes ?Punch'ong? in a white slip over a grayish-green glaze. It is unique to Korea. In the 14th century Buddhism, with its otherworldly focus on the life to come, gave way to the practical this-worldly teachings of Confucianism. The old celadon wares lost favor, since there was a strong desire for novelty in a new religious atmosphere. As society changed, pottery also changed and grew plainer, better adapted for use in practical life; at the same time, the patterns grew freer. Techniques of expression were simplified and pottery was produced in large quantities. The forms of pottery became more popular and the result was punch'ong ware. With its often humorous and entertaining images and its free, unrestrained forms, Punch'ong

The rise of Ngo Dinh Diem essays

The rise of Ngo Dinh Diem essays The story of the Vietnam conflict is one that will forever mark an important part of the world's history. The Vietnam conflict divided the world firmly into two camps, supporters of the south and supporters of the north. Ngo Dinh Diem was the president of South Vietnam for several years. During his reign the United States and other nation voiced strong opinions about his rise to power, and the actions he took once he was president. Diem spent his life preparing for that power, and the historical events just before he took over helped cement his ability to install himself as leader, to a nation, that would go down in history as one of the most stubborn and strong nations on earth. His rise to power cumulated in a United States sanctioned overthrow of then Emperor Bao Dai in 1955[1]. He then spent almost a decade at the helm of the nation while practicing oppressive and demanding politics. He cancelled democratic elections to insure that the competition would not be voted in. He was assassinated in 1963[2]. For one to understand how he became as powerful as he did and what allowed him to over through an in place regime one must understand the events that led to his rise in power. It is important to understand the life of Ngo Dinh Diem so that one can begin to understand what drove him to the power he Diem was born in a city called Hue which was the original capital of the Ngyuen Dynasty Vietnam. When he grew into a young man he became a civil servant in the Emperor government of Bao Dai[4]. He was a strong nationalist and was said to speak out as an anti communist throughout his initial adult life. Diem was not a stranger...

Benefits Of Having A Stakeholder In The pany †Free Samples

The report talks about the   stakeholder’s relationship management and its influence on management decision-making . It explains that how stakeholders help an organization to achieve long-term growth and success. The report talks about the importance and function of the stakeholders in the pany. The report presents an example of an Australian pany, Caltex. Through the example of Caltex, the features, responsibilities and the working of the stakeholders are explained in the report. The report explains that how the different types of stakeholders provide support for the betterment of the pany as well as society. It tells that how stakeholders important for the pany success and growth. It shows the relationship between stakeholders and the   management of the pany. The advantages and disadvantages of the relationship management have been explained in the report. The good and bad relationship with the management is also explained. Further, the report describes the multi- advocacy of the relationship management. The report tells about the responsibilities of the stakeholders towards the pany and it also explains the pany attitude towards the stakeholder. The report explains that there should be a good relationship between pany and stakeholders because Stakeholder is responsible for controlling and monitoring the financial activities of the pany. No firm can run the business without a stakeholder. A stakeholder solves the entire problems that are faced by the pany due to the finance. The pany decisions can be affected by the presence of stakeholders. It explains that how stakeholders help and guide to the pany for taking investment decisions. Further, Caltex pany of Australia has been taken as the example in the report. Caltex is a lubricant, fuels and Oil pany. It was founded in 1936 in Australia. The pany has a good reputation in this country. It is expanding its business activities and operations with effective stakeholder’s policies. The st akeholders of the pany are experienced and professionals and well qualified. The growth of the pany mainly depends on the strategies are made by the stakeholders of the firm (Bryson, Patton &Bowman, 2011). The stakeholders are responsible for maintaining and controlling the monetary transactions of the pany. A stakeholder of any pany deals withholding of the shares. They are also responsible for the growth and success of the firm. A stakeholder solves the problem that is faced by the firm due to finance. The stakeholder’s presence can affect the organization and it can also be affected by the pany’s decision (Hà ¶risch, Freeman and Schaltegger, 2014). They invest the money on the behalf of the firm. They serve as a guide to the organization and the market. The pany depends on stakeholders in order to gain long-term growth and success in the business. It is a moral duty of the pany to trust the stakeholder. Further, it is the responsibility of a stakeholder to be loyal, faithful towards the pany. The stakeholders must be aware of the confidentiality of the firm and they should not share the important information of the pany with other persons. A stakeholder is responsible for managing and monitoring the decisions of the pany that is related to the finance (Beringer, Jonas & Kock, 2013). They should take effective decision to gain the petitive advantages in near future. The stakeholder is accountable for forming and taking good and effective decisions of the association. It helps to maintain a positive relationship with the pany. The management should also share every information with its stakeholders. This will make easier for them to take efficient and effective decisions in the firm. A proper relationship among the employees of the organization and stakeholders will lead the pany towards success and growth in the market. It is the responsibility of stakeholders to fulfill the expectations and needs of the pany (Manetti & Toccafondi, 2012). They should analyze the external environment of the market to gain the long-term advantages in the firm. In this way, they can evaluate and analyze the changing market conditions and environment. For example Cal tex pany of Australia maintains the significant relationship with its stakeholders. The pany regularly provides relevant information to its stakeholders. It maintains trust, faith, and loyalty among its stakeholders. This will help to the firm to attain the long-term goals and objectives of the firm. It is the well-known and popular pany in the market (Pondeville, Swaen & De Rongà ©, 2013). The goodwill of the pany is excellent due to effective stakeholders’ policies. The Stakeholders of the pany are aware of the history and the future strategies that were followed and will be followed by the pany. This builds a strong relationship between them. Caltex has good relations with the investors. This allows other pany investors to understand the business, the management and other aspects of the pany. The Caltex maintains a good and effective relationship with their stakeholders. They fulfill entire expectations, needs, and requirements of the stakeholders. In this way, the firm p rovides various benefits to the pany (Ackermann and Eden, 2011). General External Environment factors affect the ability and potential of the business to perform the task outside of the pany. The pany needs to manipulate the external elements to gain the benefits in near future. The general external elements are set to know and analyze the market strategies so that the pany can set its own according to their marketing needs and requirements. The pany makes an effective plan with the help of stakeholders. The firm at every stage is supported by the stakeholders either internally or externally. They allow the pany to meet the requirements of the outside environments. They take care about the outside entities such as customers, clients, market etc (Edelenbos, van Buuren and van Schie, 2011). These stakeholders are responsible for taking a project from different clients and planning strategies to do work effectively and efficiently. They manage and evaluate the projects on behalf of the firm. Their aim is to achieve the goal and objectives that are set by the pany. There could be success and failure in the project. It depends upon the way through which stakeholders’ perform the functions. The stakeholders must have a proper and enough knowledge about the project in order to meet the long-term growth and success of the pany. It is important for the stakeholders to work on the assigned project firmly and professionally (Crilly & Sloan, 2012). The Primary stakeholders are end users of the firm who takes interest only in the success of the business. They only focus on the pany’s growth and success. They only take care about the results and ou e of the firm. They do not show any interest in knowing the functioning of the business. The primary aim of the primary stakeholder is to check the pany’s growth and business activities. Primary stakeholders include project managers, project sponsors, and team members (Beringer, Jonas & Kock, 2013). Secondary Stakeholders are responsible for pleting the project. They are not the end users of the firm. They are responsible for managing the project, searching sponsors for the project and contacting the investors. They also work for the growth and success of the association. They focus on the business activities and operation of the firm. The aim of the secondary stakeholders is same as the primary stakeholders.   Lack of munication and coordination is the major concern between the primary and secondary stakeholders. As a result, it reduces the pany’s reputation and goodwill in the market (Vasi & King, 2012). Internal stakeholders are responsible for developing the project. They function inside the pany’s environment. They have to check and analyze the criteria and strategies which would need to be followed by the pany. They search the project sponsors and investors to invest the money (Turner & Zolin, 2012). They check the performance of the work and make plans and strategies and solving the issues in a team. They have to ensure that project should be efficient and effective. They should the goals and objectives. External Stakeholders such as vendors and salespersons are responsible for making the product to reach the maximum number of people in the market. They are concerned and worried about the societal demands and works to fulfill these demands. They work for the welfare of the firm as well as society. They are responsible for market growth and success by reaching the number of customers. They supply the essential elements of the society and pany. The growth and progress of th e pany are dependent upon the supply of the product in the market. Direct stakeholders check and evaluate the day to day workings of the business. They are responsible for managing the project on a daily basis. They work on every new project on each day. The main objective of the direct stakeholders is to achieve the target that is set by the firm. They directly meet with the pany project criteria. On the other hand, Indirect Stakeholders are not responsible for managing the project. They are not affected by the working, customers or the end users. Results and ou es are a major concern for indirect stakeholders as like the primary stakeholders. They do not indulge in managing the things during the project but they are interested in knowing about the success of the business. They focus on the various kinds of projects. Specific External Environment allows the pany to trade outside. The organization conducts its business outside the firm for a specific purpose. These specific external forces are directly responsible for achieving the desired goal. It is the set only to achieve the specified target and goals. Every organization has a unique target and goals. They work on a single body. The targets of the panies differ according to the changing environmental conditions. The important entities of specific external environment include customers, clients, suppliers, petitors etc. The Customers or clients are those entities of the organization who purchase the products of the pany. They are individuals who use the services offered by the pany, but with the changing trends of the day to day life, the tastes and preferences of the customers are also changing. This will b e the reason of growth and success of the organization. Customers keep on the changing their lifestyle according to the environmental conditions which makes it difficult for the pany to remain stable at one point. They have to think about the various different ideas to bring to the society which will provoke them to keep buying their products. The pany has to meet the changing demands of the firm to maintain its growth and success of the firm (Yang et al, 2011). Suppliers are those entities of the pany who is responsible for maintaining a proper record for the amount of product that has been supplied and the amount of product which has been left in a stock. The more supply of the product will generate the more profit for the firm. The ultimate aim of any organization is to attain profits and revenue of the pany. These suppliers help them in achieving target and goals effectively and efficiently. They should have the power to convince people to buy their products in the market. The Supplier has to be aware of a number of products that have been supplied to the pany as per the demands of the market. The demand of the products increases the suppliers in the market. Thus, they play a vital role in success and growth of the firm (Nguyen & Mutum, 2012). Lenders are the individuals who lend money or fulfill the requirements and expectations of the pany. The lender of any pany is generally fixed by the firm. They help the pany to achieve its target and objectives by providing human resources to them (Lee, Olson and Trimi, 2012). Creditors are the people who take resources in terms of money by the pany. The firm gives them the credit to gain and achieve the name in the market. Debtors are the people who give money to the pany to flourish and expand its business in the society (Bridoux & Stoelhorst, 2014). Employees are the labor of the organization. The mon goal of every employee is to achieve the target set by the pany. Employees should be aware of the work being done in the pany and the strategy being followed by other members of the organization in order to meet the goals and objectives of the firm. A pany cannot run the business without efficient and effective employees (Hollensen, 2015). Shareholders are those individuals of the business who purchase and sell shares on the behalf of the pany (Mason and Simmons, 2014). A stakeholder is a group which shows interest in the working of the organization. They have direct and indirect interest in the business. The group may include the government, society, individual or any other pany and media. The influence of such entities in the business allows the stakeholders to operate the business effectively and efficiently. Relationship management makes plans and strategies to attract the more customers in the market. In this way, they help to increase the sale of the pany (Kumar & Reinartz, 2012). They check for the profitability and the performance of the pany as well as employees. The interaction with such stakeholders is important for the firm. They easily solve the related issues that are responsible for the success and growth of the business. The aim of stakeholder relationship management is to check the attitude, decisions, functions, and actions of the stakeholders for the benefit of themselves as well as the pany. This relationship management allows th e stakeholders to gain the benefits from the business. This helps to build and develop the trust among the firm and the stakeholders who put efforts to make the position of the pany on the top level. The relationship should be a strong and trustworthy (Lidskog, Sundqvist, Kall, Sandin & Larsson, 2013). The management should also share all the information with its stakeholders. This will b e easier for them to make efficient decisions. A proper relationship among the employees of the organization and stakeholders will lead the pany towards success and growth in the market. It is the responsibility of stakeholders to stand on the expectations and needs of the pany. They check and analyze the market conditions and environment (Bourne, 2016). It is very important to have an effective relationship with the stakeholders. It helps to resolve the difficult matters that are faced by the organization. Through the influence of stakeholders, the organization has a relief about the working on the financial matters. The performance of the organization is checked by the relationship management in order gain the progress and growth in the market (Rozanski and Woods, 2011). This results in good relations with the stakeholders as their main aim of a plishment is done by the stakeholders. They gain the attention and support of the business. They generally focus on the attitude or behavior of the stakeholders towards the pany, thus various important decisions are taken by the stakeholders. The stakeholders must inculcate the knowledge about the business or it will result in bad results. The pany can use the opinion of the stakeholders to work on the project (Mellahi, Frynas, Sun and Siegel, 2016). This is done to achieve the target and g oals as soon as possible. This will improve the quality of the project and the pany will also e to know about the stakeholders towards the business. It is important to take support from the powerful stakeholders. This will help the firm to gain more resources in the market. This will make the strong and effective relationship between the two entities; this will make the project more qualitative. municating with stakeholders time to time will ensure them about the project that pany is working on these projects properly or not.   They will suggest more good criteria for doing the project. This will also ensure the motivation of stakeholders towards the firm. The pany can know about the reaction of public towards the project. This will allow them to make effective strategies and plans for the success of the firm (Alt, Dà ­ez-de-Castro & Llorà ©ns-Montes, 2015). In a pany, a stakeholder is usually an investor. The actions of the stakeholders towards the pany depend upon the type of decisions are made by them. It is not necessary for them to hold equity shares in the business. They can also behave like the other employees working for the firm. They only focus on the success and growth of the pany. They can work for the overall firm. Their interference in every management is accepted as it is beneficial. They can run the pany as partners also. A stakeholder plays different roles in the firm. The role of stakeholder is very crucial as her decisions are effective and transform the growth of the pany (Eden & Ackermann, 2013). The importance of stakeholder relationship in an organization results in good ou es and results. This develops an interest in stakeholders to work for the firm to achieve the target. The relationship management of stakeholders also helps in making managerial decisions and a strong relationship with the managers also. It give s the managers a chance to show their ability to work and handling the responsibility of the firm. This improves the relationship of the managers towards the stakeholders and maintains the relationship for a long term. The Stakeholder relationship plays a vital role in every pany. Relationship management of a stakeholder has various significance (Smith, 2013). It is important for making decisions, it works as a managing director, it serves as an investor which is very important for the firm (Beringer, Jonas & Kock, 2013). The most important task for the stakeholders is making decisions that should be in favor of the pany. The stakeholders have the power to make or implement new ideas while working on any project. But it is also important to listen to the opinion of other members of the firm and then to make decisions keeping in mind all the suggestions. The decision made by the stakeholders should be efficient as the future of the pany. They strategies planned by them results in good ou es (Gonzà ¡lez-Benito, Lannelongue & Queiruga, 2011). Direct stakeholders have to check the day to day workings of the business. They are responsible for managing the project on a daily basis. They work on every new project each day. Their target for doing the amount of work is set which they have to achieve. They directly meet with the pany project criteria. The approach used by the board of directors and stakeholders differ in many cases. The Stakeholders can work for the human resource department to gain the long-term goals and objectives. They can directly participate in any project and can share their opinion and ideas (Fernandez-Feijoo, Romero & Ruiz, 2014). The Stakeholders are described as the inventors of the pany. They maximize or minimize the stakes in the pany according to the finance needed. They act as a supreme power for the organization. They observe the financial report to check the progress of the firm. Since they are responsible for the growth of the pany, it is their duty to invest in the business to fulfill the demands of the customers (Murillo-Luna, Garcà ©s-Ayerbe & Rivera-Torres, 2011). The stakeholders of large panies are highly respected. They have the power to shut down panies who do work according to the societal needs and also who violets the law. They check the overall functioning of the pany and take effective actions for wrong decision-making activities. They are concerned about the pany’s long-term goals. The corporate and municate with the pany and implement laws required for running the business effectively and efficiently (Lovejoy, Waters & Saxton, 2012). The Stakeholders are professionals who can easily identify the risks that prevail in the society. They are ware about the opportunities that pany can get in the near future. They research about the opportunity before taking it. They have a proper planning for every project. It helps to reduce the risk and threats of the firm. Before getting into any opportunity stakeholders first identify and analyze it thoroughly and then allow the pany to operate on the opportunity (Boxall & Purcell, 2011). Stakeholders’ duty is to give the effective suggestions on the project. They find solutions for organizations priorities and activities. The inputs given by the stakeholders increase the performance of the business. They give a relevant solution which is also accepted by the pany. They give importance to the business work because their main aim is to take long-term benefits and to meet the goals and objectives (Innes & Booher, 2012). Stakeholders serve as a guide to the pany. Due to their effective decision-making power, they are able to flourish and expand in the market. They are able to make good relationship with customers which results in positive feedbacks. The feedback of the customers motivates the pany for achieving sustainable future. For example, Caltex pany of Australia has trusted stakeholders. They are professionals who identify the risks and gives solutions to avoid those risks. The pany has employees who bring the feedback of the customers to make development in future (Neubaum, Dibrell & Craig, 2012). For example: In a pany like Caltex, it is important to collaborate with other panies for expansion. This is the difficult task. They have to search about the profits earned by each pany but it is a very difficult task (Vargo, 2011). There has been a fast evolution in the stakeholder relationship through the multi-advocacy. However, the development of multi-stakeholder advocacy is still at a lower level including the investors and the analyst who is responsible for functioning the business. The advocacy states that various organizations tie up, make effective decisions, change policy and work towards achieving the goal and objectives together. The multi advocacy of stakeholder survey and take interviews of the selected organizations before ing together. The goal of the multi advocacy stakeholders is to work jointly with all the other panies effectively (Ellis & Sheridan, 2014). There are unique methods of developing the relationship between the stakeholders and the panies are such as: Assessing Mature and Emergent Advocacy Fields, Machine Learning, and Dashboard Tracking. The advocacies between the different panies have resulted in the strategic decision-making, priding meaningful information and have generated e vidence towards the loyalty of these multi-stakeholders’ relationships towards the business. The Multi-stakeholder advocacy is aimed at sharing the goals with the well-coordinated team. The advocacy efforts of the stakeholders of different panies are focused on a particular goal and objective. They have the same target. The decisions made to achieve the goals show the thinking of the stakeholders. Stakeholders show interest in achieving the mon organizational goals. They facilitate the policy framework of the firm. Their decisions are important for the firm which results in changes in the environment. Stakeholders manage these changes for sustainable development in future. The aim of stakeholder relationship management is to check the attitude, decisions, and actions of the stakeholders for the benefit of themselves as well as the pany. The advocacies of stakeholder relationship management have proven the growth for the pany in the ing future. These advocacies have resulted i n the development of the economy. The stakeholders’ decisions have the power to change pany’s environment (Gosselin et al, 2014). The report the stakeholder’s relationship management and its influence on management decision-making. It describes the functions, roles, and significance of stakeholders in order to meet the goals and objectives. It also describes relationship management, its importance, its advantages, and disadvantages. It explains that the stakeholder is the one very important entity of the business. They are interested in serving the pany its required resources. A stakeholder solves the problem that pany faces due to financing. His presence can affect the pany and also can be affected by the pany’s decision. He tells the pany where to invest. He serves as a guide to the organization and the market. The pany depends on stakeholders for the growth of the business (Bingham, Dyer, Smith and Adams, 2011). It is a moral duty of the pany to trust the stakeholder and responsibility of a stakeholder to be loyal towards the pany. The report suggests the relationship with various other entitie s that stakeholder holds. The influence of such entities in the business allows the stakeholders to operate into business. Relationship management is something which plans strategies in a way that it binds the customer to keep buying the product. They check for the profitability and the performance of a long time. The interaction with such stakeholders is important. They easily solve the related issues that are responsible for affecting the growth of business (Keller and Price, 2011). The aim of stakeholder relationship management is to check the attitude, decisions, and actions of the stakeholders for the benefit of themselves as well as the pany. This relationship management allows the stakeholders to gain the benefits from the business. The report shows all the main important aspects of for working in the organization as a stakeholder. Further, the pany should make effective policies for the stakeholders and the firm should motivate them to do work more effectively and efficientl y. Ackermann, F. and Eden, C., 2011. Strategic management of stakeholders: Theory and practice.  Long range planning,  44(3), pp.179-196. Alt, E., Dà ­ez-de-Castro, E.P. and Llorà ©ns-Montes, F.J., 2015. Linking employee stakeholders to environmental performance: the role of proactive environmental strategies and shared vision.  Journal of Business Ethics,  128(1), pp.167-181. Beringer, C., Jonas, D. and Kock, A., 2013. Behavior of internal stakeholders in project portfolio management and its impact on success.  International Journal of Project Management,  31(6), pp.830-846. Beringer, C., Jonas, D. and Kock, A., 2013. Behavior of internal stakeholders in project portfolio management and its impact on success.  International Journal of Project Management,  31(6), pp.830-846. Beringer, C., Jonas, D. and Kock, A., 2013. Behavior of internal stakeholders in project portfolio management and its impact on success.  International Journal of Project Management,  31(6), pp.830-846. Bingham, J.B., Dyer, W.G., Smith, I. and Adams, G.L., 2011. A stakeholder identity orientation approach to corporate social performance in family firms.  Journal of business ethics,  99(4), pp.565-585. Bourne, L., 2016.  Stakeholder relationship management: a maturity model for organisational implementation. CRC Press. Boxall, P. and Purcell, J., 2011.  Strategy and human resource management. Palgrave Macmillan. Bridoux, F. and Stoelhorst, J.W., 2014. Microfoundations for stakeholder theory: Managing stakeholders with heterogeneous motives.  Strategic Management Journal,  35(1), pp.107-125. Bryson, J.M., Patton, M.Q. and Bowman, R.A., 2011. Working with evaluation stakeholders: A rationale, step-wise approach and toolkit.  Evaluation and program planning,  34(1), pp.1-12. Chan, M.C., Watson, J. and Woodliff, D., 2014. Corporate governance quality and CSR disclosures.  Journal of Business Ethics,  125(1), pp.59-73. Crilly, D. and Sloan, P., 2012. Enterprise logic: explaining corporate attention to stakeholders from the ‘inside?out’.  Strategic Management Journal,  33(10), pp.1174-1193. David, P., O'Brien, J.P., Yoshikawa, T. and Delios, A., 2010. Do shareholders or stakeholders appropriate the rents from corporate diversification? The influence of ownership structure.  Academy of Management Journal,  53(3), pp.636-654. Edelenbos, J., van Buuren, A. and van Schie, N., 2011. Co-producing knowledge: joint knowledge production between experts, bureaucrats and stakeholders in Dutch water management projects.  Environmental Science & Policy,  14(6), pp.675-684. Eden, C. and Ackermann, F., 2013.  Making strategy: The journey of strategic management. Sage. Ellis, S. and Sheridan, L., 2014. A critical reflection on the role of stakeholders in sustainable tourism development in least-developed countries.  Tourism Planning & Development,  11(4), pp.467-471. Fernandez-Feijoo, B., Romero, S. and Ruiz, S., 2014. Effect of stakeholders’ pressure on transparency of sustainability reports within the GRI framework.  Journal of Business Ethics,  122(1), pp.53-63. Gonzà ¡lez-Benito, J., Lannelongue, G. and Queiruga, D., 2011. Stakeholders and environmental management systems: a synergistic influence on environmental imbalance.  Journal of Cleaner Production,  19(14), pp.1622-1630. Gosselin, D., Link, V.M., Romanoski, C.E., Fonseca, G.J., Eichenfield, D.Z., Spann, N.J., Stender, J.D., Chun, H.B., Garner, H., Geissmann, F. and Glass, C.K., 2014. 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Interpretation of Laws in the United Kingdom Essay

Interpretation of Laws in the United Kingdom - Essay Example This paper declares that the literal rule demands that the judiciary should use the ordinary meaning of a statute by merely reading the text irrespective of the outcomes. The rule is based on the assumption that the objective of Parliament is well captured in the plain and natural sense of the choice of words is uses in drafting a statute. As the report stresses the case of Fisher v Bell magnifies the superiority of the literal rule. The court’s decision was inspired by the literal meaning of The Restriction of Offensive Weapons Act 1959, which outlawed the offering for sale of select offensive weapons such as flick knives. James Bell created a display of such unlawful weapons in his shop, prompting his arrest and charges. In its decision, the Divisional Court absolved him of any offense as per the literal meaning of the statute, arguing that the mere display of the knives by the defendant did not amount to an offer for sale. The plain meaning of the contract law stipulates that displaying something at a point of sale should not be misconstrued to mean an offer for sale; rather it is just a mere invitation of potential customers to learn more about the item and tender their offers. The literal rule has merits and demerits. It limits litigations, promotes clear drafting of legislations and enhances easier interpr etation of laws by laymen provided they can understand the language used. Nonetheless, the literal rule may lead to interpretation of legislations out of context and narrowing of the parameters of a law. The golden rule Greeawalt (2012) has pointed out that the golden rule requires judicial members to give life to the literal rule so as to achieve a better interpretation of the law. The rule states that in the event that the literal rule fails to yield a proper meaning of a law, it is rational to explore another sense in the words. Lord Wensleydale in the case of Grey v Pearson (1857) HL Cas 61 is credited with creating a precedent when he stated that the literal meaning of an Act should be read and construed as it is, but if by doing so, a judicial officer would face an absurdity, then the person should modify the literal value of the text (Wagner, Werner, and Cao, 2007). The golden rule was invoked in the case of Adler v George (1964) to prevent an absurdity in court. The Official Secrets Act 1920 Â § 3, outlaws any distraction to the HM Forces around a forbidden base. Frank Adler’s violated the law and was charged with causing distraction to the officers. In his defence, Adler argued that he was actually inside a prohibited place and not in its vicinity.

World of Business. Delta airlines and Northwest airlines Merger, Essay

World of Business. Delta airlines and Northwest airlines Merger, Eastman Kodak Bankruptcy,Digitalization, Kodak Reorganization - Essay Example The merger which was approximately $3.1 billion is expected to restructure the US airline industry and will use the Delta name in its operations with its headquarters situated in Atlanta. This huge merger between the third largest Delta and the fifth largest Northwest airlines will help in creating a global giant with more than 700 jets, 6400 daily flights, almost $35 billion revenue yearly and the new company’s value of almost $17.7 billion, far above their current market value. The merger will also have approximately 75000 employees globally with no hub closures expected and a 1.25 delta share for each of the Northwest airlines shareholders in addition to the seniority protection of the frontline employees for both airlines via fair and equitable seniority integration. The merger of the Delta and the Northwest airlines was also facilitated by the fact that they have very few overlapping routes which may interfere with their operations since Delta had most routes in Europe an d Latin America while Northwest concentrated its business in Asia (Fedor Web). This major merger in the airline industry will further marry the Delta’s route networks in Europe and Latin America with the Northwest’s Asia networks and further create more routes thus widening its networks. This giant merger is expected to initiate significant and plausible efficiencies that will undoubtedly make the US and world’s customers’ gain greatly from savings on expenses for airport operations, technology and suppliers as well as heightening competition in the carrier industry. The merger was aimed at benefiting the two parties involved by making them more efficient in service provision and their respective operations. The merger was also intended to increase international presence and the ability to fund long term investments in the airline industry as well as offsetting the higher fuel prices which has fundamentally affected the financial viability of the airline operations. The merger will not lay off any employee but will tend to raise the salaries of all the employees for both airlines and further reduce their previous pay cuts that existed before the merger (Fleming Web). The merger of Delta and Northwest airlines is intended to provide a better solution of meeting the stakeholders’ objectives. The merger is expected to help the financiers, employees and passengers achieve their main intentions since it will allow the new company to make profits that will be used in increasing the dividends, raising workers pay, and satisfying their clients respectively. A stable and continuous profit will be maintained by the company to sustain its operations hence improving the various stakeholders’ aims. Other benefits that may be accrued are creating a global US carrier that intensively competes with other foreign airlines as well as enabling their customers from across the world get access to a global route system that will allow them to travel anywhere just by using same company’s facilities (Fleming Web). Increase of destinations greatly helps in adding further schedule options and extra opportunities to make more money while redeeming frequent flyer miles thus making a more financially stable airline company with a vast opportunity of growing and expanding. All the customers from both the airlines will benefit from each other’s greater services and strengths to various destinations as well as easing the integration risk due to their complementary networks and common membership in the Sky Team alliance. Although this merger was initially opposed by the Northwest’s airline due to the anticipation of job loss, there was a great

Paul Hindemith :: essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paul was born in the German town of Hanau in 1895, on December Sixteen. We might assume that Hindemith felt a pull in the musical direction from a very early age; Paul’s father was a painter and did not want his son becoming a musician, so our little composer-to-be ran away at the age of 11, and started his own life. Paul taught himself the violin and viola, and began earning his living by playing at Cafes and other such establishments. Eventually, Hindemith learned the rudiments of all the instruments that mattered, so he could play them at least passably-- but he was surely a virtuoso at his viola and viola d’amore.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Eventually, Hindemith ended up at the Frankfurt Conservatory, where he studied his music performance under the tutelage of people like Arnold Mendelssohn. While there, Hindemith showed increasing interest in the field of composition-- he began writing in earnest around the time he completed his courses at the Conservatory, and began establishing himself in the music culture through chamber music and expressionistic opera.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Paul landed a pretty major job in the Frankfurt Opera Orchestra... he was first concertmaster, and then conductor over the years 1915-1923. After this, he founded his Amar String Quartet, for which he was violist-- the group became pretty celebrated and performed successfully throughout Europe. It’s agreed that 1921 was when Hindemith began to come into his own, and emerge as well-known into the world as a composer and performer. Hindemith appeared regularly at the Donaueschingen Festival starting that year, and in 1922-24 his Chamber Works were performed at the Salzburg Festival (which I assume was a fairly big deal at the time).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Up until about 1925, Hindemith was pretty conventional, going along more or less complacently with the musical norms of his time. But in 1925, he came out with â€Å"Kammermusik†, his first openly atonal composition. The piece was representative of new ideas, and roused lots of talk when it was performed at the Venice Festival of the International Society of Contemporary Music. Before he knew it, Paul was a sort of pioneer, a figurehead of the advancing frontier in â€Å"Modern Music†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ah-- during these years of his life, Hindemith was working as a professor of Composition at the Berlin Hochschule.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was around 1934 that Hindemith started having some trouble with the Nazis. For one, they didn’t like his music. In fact, Alfred Rosenberg, who was Chief of Nazi Foreign Affairs, said his musics were the â€Å"foulest perversions of German music.† Obviously, the Nazis gave his career

The Reasons Young People Use Drugs

The Reasons Young People Use Drugs Jenita Magdalena, 1106053256 FIK UI 2011 Drugs are not a familiar problem in the ears of the people of Indonesia today. Especially in the ears of young people. Why? Because many young people in Indonesia now felt into drugs. And tragically, this is no longer just a problem in big cities only, but now also been expanded to rural areas. This is because drug addicts today are not only the wearer, but also as a dealer. The easier access to get drugs must be one of the factor.With the above explanation, it is clear that the drugs problem undermines the future of Indonesia's young generation. There are many reasons that many people -especially young people- using drugs. There reasons are media, curiosity, lack of proper family guidence, and the factor of friends. The reasons were not the absolute reason. There are still many other factors, but the above factors are a common factor in today's society. It helps us to better identify the factors above as an initial step spread of drugs prevention. The first reason of someone falling into the circle of drugs is the media factor.Along with the development of today's technology, people become very dependent on technology such as mobile phones, television, radio, and internet. Thus the role of the media becomes very important in a person's psychological development. People who are too often witnessed the violence in movies or the internet, believed to be more aggressive. As same as the drugs problem. Someone who often witnessed how drug users or drugs used, were also likely to fall into drugs. Therefore, the sensors could be reducing the scenes of drug use as one of the major steps in drugs prevention.Besides the media, of course, is the major causative factor is high curiosity and want to try drugs. Because someone who has seen drug users in film, television, and internet, will appear curious and wanted to try drugs. They are not know, by trying the drugs it will be difficult for them to escape from the drugs. Because the drugs is one type of substance that would cause the addiction for the wearer. Lack of proper guidance of the family can also be an important factor in causing a child got into drugs. Parents should act as educators in the family, should be a good example for children.So that children can imitate the good behavior of their parents. Based on research, a child who was raised by parents who become drug addicts, most likely the child will also become addicted to drugs later. Thus, the role of parents can be an important one of the psychological development of children. And the final factor that is not less important is the factor of friends. Often, playmates who use drugs will invite other friends to come to feel or using drugs. And usually, someone who offered his friend to use drugs will be easy to take drugs.That's because a sense of solidarity and friendship is strong, so people are can’t reject his captives. Of course as we all know, once so meone has tried to feel the drugs, it will be difficult to him to get out of the bondage of drugs. Thus by knowing the factors that cause someone to fall into the drugs, we expected to take reasonable precautions against those around us. So that step by step spread of the drugs will be reduced in this country. And of course our hope is with the reduced network with drugs in this country is Indonesia's future will be bright, because the future of Indonesia is in the hands of youth.